Pierre de Fermat's Last Theorem

"'I have discovered a truly remarkable proof but this margin is too small to contain it,' Pierre de Fermat famously wrote on margin of his copy of the Arithmetica by Diophantus of Alexandria back in 1637. The proof the French mathematician and lawyer was referring to was for his theorem in which he states that no three positive integers x, y, and z can satisfy the equation

where n is an integer greater than two.

Fermat's Last Theorem, also called Fermat's great theorem, was his best known work and to commemorate the 410th birth anniversary of the founder of the modern theory of numbers Google has put up a doodle inspired by the theorem."